Earlier participation by Australian physicists in UA2 and NOMAD has been followed up by substantial involvement in ATLAS. This is led by a group of high-energy physicists at the University of Melbourne and the University of Sydney, which also participate in the BELLE experiment at KEK in Japan. Australia participates in the Silicon Tracker of ATLAS, ISOLDE, nTOF and has also prepared a Tier-2 centre for the ATLAS Grid computing.

The Centre of Excellence for Particle Physics at the Terascale coordinated high-energy physics research at the Terascale across Australia, creating new research groups at the Universities of Adelaide and Sydney and augmenting groups at Melbourne and Monash. Funding for the Centre was substantial and greatly enhanced international linkages, including with CERN.

In 2007, the collaboration between CERN and Australia was enlarged through the Australian Synchrotron concluding an agreement with CERN concerning collaboration in accelerator science and related technologies, and also through the signature of an agreement in 2010 between ANSTO and CERN concerning collaboration in nuclear, accelerator and material science.The Australian Collaboration for Accelerator Science (ACAS) is a collaboration between the Australian National University, ANSTO, the Australian Synchrotron and the University of Melbourne and ACAS has joined the CLIC/CTF3 Collaboration.

The Australian National University joined the nTOF collaboration at CERN in 2014.

Melbourne hosted the 36th International Conference on High Energy Physics in 2012 (ICHEP 2012) and also hosted the 10th International Particle Accelerator Conference in 2019 (IPAC 2019).